Almonacid-Cardenas F, Saab R, Nemirovsky ES, Rivas E, Araujo-Duran J, Mao G, Esa WAS, Ruetzler K, Argalious M, Turan A: The effect of intraoperative positive end expiratory pressure and tidal volume on postoperative acute kidney injury after orthopedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67: 1348-1355- Outcomes Research Consortium

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Almonacid-Cardenas F, Saab R, Nemirovsky ES, Rivas E, Araujo-Duran J, Mao G, Esa WAS, Ruetzler K, Argalious M, Turan A: The effect of intraoperative positive end expiratory pressure and tidal volume on postoperative acute kidney injury after orthopedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67: 1348-1355

March 27, 2023

Background:
To test whether higher intraoperative PEEP levels and/or higher TV levels are associated with higher incidence of postoperative AKI within the first post- operative week, in adult patients having orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia.
Methods:
We conducted a sub analysis of a non-randomized alternating intervention cross over study performed in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. We included four different combina- tions of PEEP (5 or 8 cm H2 O) and TV (6 or 10 mL/kg of PBW) that alternated each week in the six orthopedic operating rooms. Our primary outcome was postoperative AKI defined by the KDIGO criteria with baseline creatinine as the closest preopera- tive value to the time of surgery obtained within 30 days and postoperative value as the highest creatinine value within 7 days after surgery. Secondary outcome was the maximum postoperative in-hospital creatinine level within seven postoperative days.
Main Results:
A total of 1933 patients were included in the analysis. The incidence of AKI was 6.8% in the study population and similar in high TV versus low TV group and high PEEP versus low PEEP group. Neither TV nor PEEP significantly impacted AKI incidence. The estimated odds ratio of AKI comparing TV = 6 mL/kg to TV = 10 mL/kg was 0.96 (97.5% CI: 0.63, 1.46; p = .811); while the estimated odds ratio of AKI comparing PEEP = 5cm H 2O to PEEP = 8cm H2 O was 0.92 (97.5% CI: 0.60, 1.39; p = .623). No interaction was found between TV and PEEP on AKI. Addi- tionally, neither TV nor PEEP had a significant effect on the seven postoperative day creatinine levels.
Conclusion:
Higher levels of PEEP or TV during mechanical ventilation in adult patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries under general anesthesia do not increase the odds of developing postoperative AKI within the narrow limits studied.