November 29, 2025
Study objective: To determine whether intraoperative low-dose esketamine ameliorates depression in women having breast cancer surgery.
Design: A prospective single-center double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Setting: Perioperative period, operating room, post anesthesia care unit and hospital ward.
Patients: 108 women 18–65 years old who were scheduled for elective breast cancer surgery. All had preoperative depressive symptoms as defined by Montgomery-Åsberg depression scores ≥12 (range, 0–60; higher scores indicate more severe depression).
Interventions: Eligible participants were randomized to esketamine 0.25
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