Ngai Liu, MD, PhD is Associate Professor of Anesthesia and Director of Research (Hôpital Foch, Suresnes and CHR Orléans, France). His research interests are intravenous anesthesia, pharmacology, brain monitoring and closed-loop controllers. He has extensive clinical experience to cardiothoracic anesthesia, neurosurgery and regional anesthesia. He is cofounded of MedSteer a biomedical company.